Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cho \u0111\u00e0n piano<\/strong><\/h2>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t m\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0n piano. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 piano Mason & Hamlin v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng Tension Resonator. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e3ng\u00a0Mason & Hamlin\u00a0ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o khung \u0111\u00e0n piano t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n qua th\u1eddi gian. Ph\u00e1t minh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/h2>Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u1ed7, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng xem qua b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>
Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano upright v\u00e0 grand. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano.<\/p>
C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t piano c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1956 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano upright k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf (spinet upright), lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecf qua v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u00ec ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang.<\/p>
V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0\u00a0Kawai<\/strong>,\u00a0Yamaha<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 Mason & Hamlin <\/strong>v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u00a0Steinway Hambur<\/strong>g\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0B\u00f6sendorfer<\/strong>\u00a0(c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0Renner<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7).<\/p>Yamaha \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n piano upright c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Kawai theo sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a ABS styran ho\u1eb7c ABS carbon trong \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0piano uprig<\/strong>ht, c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cong, xo\u1eafn, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00faa \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hay t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc.<\/p>
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u201cduplex scale\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u201cduplex scale\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cduplex\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nghe thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hay t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet. V\u1eady duplex scale l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u00e2y theo nh\u1eefng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m cao\u00a0(treble)\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m tr\u1ea7m\u00a0(bass)<\/em>. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Theodore Steinway v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1872, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0piano grand<\/strong>, n\u01a1i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi l\u1edbp n\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y v\u00e0 sau \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1t pin c\u1ee7a con ng\u1ef1a) vang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m s\u1eafc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb qu\u00e3ng 8, qu\u00e3ng 5, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e3ng 12 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y ng\u1eafn, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y ng\u1eafn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e2m s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>Ng\u00e0y nay t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p \u00e2m, \u00e2m chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu duplex \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>
V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/h2>Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0i, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ti\u00ean phong l\u00e0 Yamaha v\u00e0 Kawai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p polyester<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t piano \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng cao h\u01a1n (High polish). Sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean g\u1ea7n 90% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n piano grand m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 70% t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano upright m\u1edbi.<\/p>B\u1edfi v\u00ec polyester c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u1edbc cao h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e0n piano, ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t polyester c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i \u1ea9m. Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u00f3ng polyester \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1n m\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>
K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0 voi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n piano t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a thay v\u00ec ng\u00e0 voi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00edm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea3 m\u00e0u, c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f3c v\u1ea3y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111am m\u00ea nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00edm ng\u00e0 voi. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0 voi, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1 x\u1ed1p, tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. C\u00f3 hai nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Yamaha v\u00e0 Kawai, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y piano h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>![\"Mason](\"https:\/\/pianoforte.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/269e2f36b5c9d5a637d10a1c22094065-768x1024.png\" "\\"Mason")
<\/figure>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h2>Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNC (Computer Numerical Control)<\/em> trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh nghe t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean internet v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNC l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c file CADD (Computer-Aided Drafting and Design)<\/em> v\u00e0 CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering). <\/em>C\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin CADD cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra, k\u00e8m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ed tr\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a con Ng\u1ef1a, v.v\u2026 V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n khi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u CADD sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi CAE \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y, duplex scale, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e2m thanh, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00faa \u0111\u00e0n, c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a CAE c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>
Sau \u0111\u00f3, CNC nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb CADD v\u00e0 CAE v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft, m\u00e0i, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, khoan, v.v\u2026 M\u00e1y CNC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 laser v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00edt s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>
S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y CNC \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p piano, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111a chi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CNC gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>
Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng CNC c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t piano \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u1edbi t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CNC trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t piano ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, CNC kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tham gia v\u00e0o v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eebng mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNC b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e2m thanh, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa.<\/p>
Theo c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, g\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u2026\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n piano kh\u00f4ng hay h\u01a1n khi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e0ng cao, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>
Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp n\u0103m qua. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano cao c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u00edt so v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng hay gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng, trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u0110\u00e0n piano\u00a0v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong su\u1ed1t 300 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diem-tin"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u1ed7, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng xem qua b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>
Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano upright v\u00e0 grand. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano.<\/p>
C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t piano c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1956 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano upright k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf (spinet upright), lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecf qua v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u00ec ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang.<\/p>
V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty l\u1edbn nh\u01b0\u00a0Kawai<\/strong>,\u00a0Yamaha<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 Mason & Hamlin <\/strong>v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u00a0Steinway Hambur<\/strong>g\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0B\u00f6sendorfer<\/strong>\u00a0(c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0Renner<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7).<\/p> Yamaha \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n piano upright c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, Kawai theo sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a ABS styran ho\u1eb7c ABS carbon trong \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0piano uprig<\/strong>ht, c\u1ea3 hai h\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e0n piano, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/p> C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cong, xo\u1eafn, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u01a1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00faa \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hay t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc.<\/p> Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u201cduplex scale\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cduplex\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nghe thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hay t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet. V\u1eady duplex scale l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u00e2y theo nh\u1eefng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh.<\/p> M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m cao\u00a0(treble)\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u00e2m tr\u1ea7m\u00a0(bass)<\/em>. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Theodore Steinway v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1872, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0piano grand<\/strong>, n\u01a1i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi l\u1edbp n\u1ec9 ch\u1eb7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y v\u00e0 sau \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1t pin c\u1ee7a con ng\u1ef1a) vang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m s\u1eafc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, \u0111a chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2y t\u1eeb qu\u00e3ng 8, qu\u00e3ng 5, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e3ng 12 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y ng\u1eafn, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y ng\u1eafn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e2m s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p> Ng\u00e0y nay t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf duplex kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p \u00e2m, \u00e2m chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu duplex \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p> Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0i, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ti\u00ean phong l\u00e0 Yamaha v\u00e0 Kawai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p polyester<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t piano \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng cao h\u01a1n (High polish). Sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean g\u1ea7n 90% c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n piano grand m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 70% t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano upright m\u1edbi.<\/p> B\u1edfi v\u00ec polyester c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u1edbc cao h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e0n piano, ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t polyester c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i \u1ea9m. Nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u00f3ng polyester \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1n m\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p> K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0 voi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n piano t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a thay v\u00ec ng\u00e0 voi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00edm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea3 m\u00e0u, c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f3c v\u1ea3y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111am m\u00ea nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00edm ng\u00e0 voi. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0 voi, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1 x\u1ed1p, tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. C\u00f3 hai nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Yamaha v\u00e0 Kawai, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y piano h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p> Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNC (Computer Numerical Control)<\/em> trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh nghe t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean internet v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p> C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNC l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c file CADD (Computer-Aided Drafting and Design)<\/em> v\u00e0 CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering). <\/em>C\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin CADD cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra, k\u00e8m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ed tr\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a con Ng\u1ef1a, v.v\u2026 V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n khi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p> C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u CADD sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi CAE \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y, duplex scale, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e2m thanh, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00faa \u0111\u00e0n, c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a CAE c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p> Sau \u0111\u00f3, CNC nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb CADD v\u00e0 CAE v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft, m\u00e0i, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, khoan, v.v\u2026 M\u00e1y CNC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 laser v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00edt s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p> S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y CNC \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p piano, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111a chi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a CNC gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p> Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng CNC c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t piano \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano v\u1edbi t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p> \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CNC trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t piano ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, CNC kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tham gia v\u00e0o v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eebng mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNC b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e2m thanh, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa.<\/p> Theo c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, g\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u2026\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n piano kh\u00f4ng hay h\u01a1n khi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e0ng cao, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p> Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp n\u0103m qua. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano cao c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u00edt so v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng hay gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng, trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u0110\u00e0n piano\u00a0v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong su\u1ed1t 300 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diem-tin"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7195"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7195\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u201cduplex scale\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>
V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/h2>
<\/figure>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h2>