{"id":7915,"date":"2022-05-10T15:12:48","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T08:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/?p=7915"},"modified":"2022-05-10T16:20:29","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T09:20:29","slug":"lich-su-ra-doi-cua-cay-dan-piano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/?p=7915","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n Piano"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"\/<\/figure>

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano<\/small>
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano<\/h1>

T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a piano c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>

Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 d\u00e2y, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 g\u00f5.
C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a piano bao g\u1ed3m clavichord, harpsichord v\u00e0 dulcimer, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n truy t\u00ecm t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang xa h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a piano l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 d\u00e2y.<\/p>

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n piano<\/h3>

Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 piano c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0clavico clavecin<\/a>\u00a0(harpsichord) t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/a>\u00a016 v\u00e0 17. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m\u00a01700<\/a>,\u00a0Bartolomeo Cristofori<\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n harpsichord m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c<\/a>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u00faa<\/a>\u00a0g\u00f5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2y, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0harpsichord<\/a>\u00a0l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng quill (d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng l\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea3y. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e0n piano th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u b\u00faa tho\u00e1t, n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho b\u00faa t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ph\u00edm m\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c<\/a>\u00a0kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t ph\u00edm \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc piano \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Critofori v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n clavecin, c\u00f2n\u00a0\u00e2m thanh<\/a>\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i\u00a0nh\u1ea1c<\/a>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o b\u00e0n ph\u00edm.<\/p>

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Cristofori kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a 1700, khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf piano c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u00a0Gottfried Silbermann<\/a>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0\u00a0Christian Friederici<\/a>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Johannes Zumpe<\/a>\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n piano v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi clavecin. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0J.S.Bach<\/a>\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u0103m\u00a01747<\/a>. \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang cho piano t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1732 v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a piano c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n sau n\u0103m 1750 di\u1ec5n ra theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u1ede\u00a0Anh<\/a>, \u0111\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. \u1ede\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c<\/a>, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n x\u1ee9\u00a0Vienna<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0Johann Andreas Stein<\/a>\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n m\u00e0\u00a0Haydn<\/a>,\u00a0Mozart<\/a>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Beethoven<\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>

\"Ngu\u1ed3n<\/figure>

Dulcimer v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/h2>

\u0110\u00e0n piano l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 d\u00e2y v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c d\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn g\u00f5 theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00faa g\u00f5 v\u00e0o d\u00e2y. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, dulcimer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a piano.
Dulcimer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh thang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>

\"Dulcimer\"\/
Dulcimer<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Clavichord kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi piano<\/h2>

\u0110\u00e0n piano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 b\u00e0n ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ri\u00eang. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Clavichord ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn piano.
\u0110\u00e0n Clavichord ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t ph\u00edm, m\u1ed9t thanh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tang ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n, l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 qu\u00e3ng t\u00e1m.<\/p>

\"Clavichord\"\/
Clavichord<\/figcaption><\/figure>

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n harpsichord tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano<\/h2>

\u0110\u00e0n harpsichord, ra \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf \u00dd v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1500 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 lan sang Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, Flanders v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f3ng vu\u1ed1t g\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u1eafc c\u1eafm h\u00ecnh que k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u1ea3y d\u00e2y khi b\u00e0n ph\u00edm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n.
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u00e2m, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n piano.<\/p>

\"Harpsichord\"\/
Harpsichord<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Christophori, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano<\/h2>

Ch\u00ednh Christophori (1655-1731) \u1edf \u00dd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n nay.
Kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00e0n harpsichori, Christophori \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1700, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng b\u00faa thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng vu\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e1y.
\u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “Clavichord harpsichord col piano e forte” (\u0111\u00e0n h\u1ea1c c\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd). T\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “piano”.<\/p>

\"C\u01a1
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Christophori<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"S\u1edf
S\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng piano c\u1ee7a Christophori<\/figcaption><\/figure>

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n pianoC\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n piano T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a piano c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 d\u00e2y, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 g\u00f5.C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a piano…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ban-can-biet"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/structure_p01_06.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7915"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7915"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7915\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anpiano.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}